A wind speed gradient of 4 ( m / s ) / km can produce refraction equal to a typical temperature lapse rate of 7.5 �C / km.
2.
The first equation is used when the value of standard temperature lapse rate is not equal to zero; the second equation is used when standard temperature lapse rate equals zero.
3.
The first equation is used when the value of standard temperature lapse rate is not equal to zero; the second equation is used when standard temperature lapse rate equals zero.